Numerical
Steam Pipe Heat Loss Saving
Insulation reduces heat loss from 180 kW to 55 kW for 7,000 h/year.
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Worked problems with data, formula, unit handling, calculation steps, answer and engineering interpretation.
Numerical
Heat Loss in Blowdown
Blowdown 1,000 kg/h at enthalpy 800 kJ/kg is replaced by feedwater at 120 kJ/kg.
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Heating Surface of Smoke Tubes
A boiler has 120 tubes, outside diameter 63.5 mm and effective length 4.5 m.
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Condensate Recovery Heat Saving
15,000 kg/h condensate returns at 90°C instead of make-up water at 30°C. cp=4.187.
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Actual Air-Fuel Ratio and Excess Air
Fuel 1,000 kg/h, actual air 18,000 kg/h, theoretical air 14 kg/kg fuel.
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Chimney Draft
Chimney height is 40 m. Air density 1.20 kg/m³ and flue-gas density 0.85 kg/m³.
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Fuel Saving from Economiser
Economiser saves 3,768,300 kJ/h. Boiler efficiency is 82% and fuel GCV is 40,000 kJ/kg.
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Economiser Heat Recovery
Feedwater flow is 20,000 kg/h and temperature rises by 45°C. cp=4.187 kJ/kg K.
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Blowdown from TDS
Feedwater TDS is 120 ppm and permissible boiler-water TDS is 3,000 ppm. Steam generation is 20 t/h.
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Boiler Blowdown Rate from Mass Balance
Feedwater is 52 t/h and steam generation is 50 t/h. Neglect other losses.
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Fuel Required for Steam Generation
Find fuel for 12,000 kg/h steam when enthalpy rise is 2,300 kJ/kg, GCV 40,000 kJ/kg and efficiency 80%.
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Equivalent Evaporation
A boiler produces 8,000 kg/h steam with enthalpy rise 2,340 kJ/kg. Calculate equivalent evaporation from and at 100°C.
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Boiler Efficiency by Direct Method
A boiler generates 10,000 kg/h steam. Steam enthalpy is 2,780 kJ/kg, feedwater enthalpy 420 kJ/kg, fuel use 750 kg/h and GCV 42,000…
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